在鸿蒙PC上安装Rust编译器（rustc/cargo）的方法 - 鸿蒙PC

操作步骤

打开开发者模式（提供HiShell终端）。
从应用商店安装Python安装器（提供python3命令，我们要用它安装SSL证书）：
- https://appgallery.huawei.com/app/detail?id=com.develop.opensource.ohdpc.python.launcherforpython312&channelId=SHARE&source=appshare
从应用商店安装DevBox（提供clang、ld和binary-sign-tool等命令，之后需要用到）：
- https://appgallery.huawei.com/app/detail?id=com.develop.opensource.devbox&channelId=SHARE&source=appshare
设置环境变量：

export CC=clang CXX=clang++
export PATH=~/.local/bin:$PATH
export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~/.local/lib/aarch64-linux-ohos:~/.local/lib:/data/service/hnp/ohos-sdk.org/ohos-sdk_26.0.0.18/ohos/native/sysroot/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-ohos/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH

把环境变量加入 ~/.zshrc 让其永久生效：

echo 'export CC=clang CXX=clang++' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'export PATH=~/.local/bin:$PATH' >> ~/.zshrc
echo 'export LD_LIBRARY_PATH=~/.local/lib/aarch64-linux-ohos:~/.local/lib:/data/service/hnp/ohos-sdk.org/ohos-sdk_26.0.0.18/ohos/native/sysroot/usr/lib/aarch64-linux-ohos/:$LD_LIBRARY_PATH' >> ~/.zshrc

下载 arm64 ohos 版 rust 并签名安装：

# 下载
wget -O rust-1.96.0-aarch64-unknown-linux-ohos.tar.xz https://static.rust-lang.org/dist/rust-1.96.0-aarch64-unknown-linux-ohos.tar.xz

# 解压
tar vxf rust-1.96.0-aarch64-unknown-linux-ohos.tar.xz

# 进入解压出来的目录
cd rust-1.96.0-aarch64-unknown-linux-ohos

# 签名当前目录及其子目录下的所有ELF文件（Termony用户请注意：while循环与fish不兼容，请在zsh或bash中执行）
find . -type f -exec file '{}' ';' | grep --line-buffered ': ELF ' | awk -F': ELF ' '{print $1}' | while read f; do echo "$f"; binary-sign-tool sign -inFile "$f" -outFile "$f" -selfSign 1; done

# 安装
./install.sh --prefix=~/.local

# 测试 rustc 和 cargo 是否可用
rustc
cargo

你会发现 rustc 能用，但 cargo 缺少 libssl.so 和 libcrypto.so 库。

localhost ~ % rustc
Usage: rustc [OPTIONS] INPUT

localhost ~ % cargo
Error loading shared library libssl.so: (needed by /storage/Users/currentUser/.local/bin/cargo)
Error loading shared library libcrypto.so: (needed by /storage/Users/currentUser/.local/bin/cargo)

安装 libssl 库：

# 下载
wget -O openssl-0.0.1.har https://ohpm.openharmony.cn/ohpm/@ohos-rs/openssl/-/openssl-0.0.1.har

# 解压（har实际是一个tar.gz压缩包包）
tar vxf openssl-0.0.1.har

# 进入解压出的文件夹
cd package

# 签名
find . -type f -exec file '{}' ';' | grep --line-buffered ': ELF ' | awk -F': ELF ' '{print $1}' | while read f; do echo "$f"; binary-sign-tool sign -inFile "$f" -outFile "$f" -selfSign 1; done

# 复制到 ~/.local
cp -rv ./prelude/arm64-v8a/* ~/.local

# 测试 cargo
cargo install hello

会得到这样的错误：

localhost ~ % cargo install hello
    Updating crates.io index
error: download of config.json failed

Caused by:
  curl failed

Caused by:
  [60] SSL peer certificate or SSH remote key was not OK (SSL certificate OpenSSL verify result: unable to get local issuer certificate (20))

安装SSL证书，解决 cargo SSL 错误

# 安装 certifi 证书包
python3 -m pip install --upgrade certifi

# 把 certifi 证书路径加入环境变量
export SSL_CERT_FILE=$(python3 -c 'import certifi; print(certifi.where())')

# 加入 ~/.zshrc 永久生效
echo "export SSL_CERT_FILE=$(python3 -c 'import certifi; print(certifi.where())')" >> ~/.zshrc

# 测试 cargo
cargo install hello

结果：

localhost ~ % cargo install hello
    Updating crates.io index
  Downloaded hello v1.0.4
  Downloaded 1 crate (518B) in 0.96s
error: there is nothing to install in `hello v1.0.4`, because it has no binaries
`cargo install` is only for installing programs, and can't be used with libraries.
To use a library crate, add it as a dependency to a Cargo project with `cargo add`.

现在 cargo 就能正常使用了。

测试编译rust项目

cargo new hello_world

cd hello_world/src

rustc main.rs

会遇到如下错误：

localhost ~/hello_world/src % rustc main.rs
error: linker `cc` not found
  |
  = note: No such file or directory (os error 2)

error: aborting due to 1 previous error

解决 linker `cc` not found

# 把clang链接为cc
ln -s $(command -v clang) ~/.local/bin/cc

# 把clang++链接为c++
ln -s $(command -v clang++) ~/.local/bin/c++

# 测试rustc
rustc main.rs

# 尝试执行目标程序
./main

结果：

localhost ~/hello_world/src % rustc main.rs
localhost ~/hello_world/src % ls
main  main.rs
localhost ~/hello_world/src % ./main
Hello, world!

尝试直接用 cargo 运行项目：

cd ..
cargo run

结果：

localhost ~/hello_world/src % cd ..
localhost ~/hello_world % cargo run
   Compiling hello_world v0.1.0 (/storage/Users/currentUser/hello_world)
    Finished `dev` profile [unoptimized + debuginfo] target(s) in 0.78s
     Running `target/debug/hello_world`
Hello, world!

现在 cargo 和 rustc 就都能用了。